Common Questions
Are there any risk factors that are modifiable in order to prevent a fracture?
Osteoporosis does have a large genetic component, but risk factor modification is recommended for all women. For young women, the best prevention is a healthy diet with plenty of calcium rich foods, adequate vitamin D synthesis/intake, good weight-bearing exercise and a normal body weight. Avoiding smoking, excess alcohol consumption, and the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone, is important for optimal bone health. The goal is to develop a high peak bone density, which is reached at about age 30.
For older people, nutrition and exercise continue to be very important. Vitamin D is frequently low in the elderly because of limited sun exposure so supplementation may be indicated. Over 90% of hip fractures result from a fall, so measures such as correcting poor eyesight, avoiding drugs/alcohol that may cause drowsiness, and maintaining a safe environment at home are important to decrease fall and fracture risk. Exercise, especially with balance training, can reduce the risk of falls by up to 25%.